In most of my career, I've taught myself many programming concepts and different languages based on what I started out with. I'm comfortable with design patterns, many algorithms, certain monolithic applications, and know enough about databases to get a local app up and running fast. I've used a variety of languages and frameworks including JavaScript, Vue, React, PHP, and Ruby on Rails.
I am not so familiar the modern deploy and automate side of things. I cannot tell you, for instance, how to leverage AWS to optimize a website I made, once it goes online. However, more and more jobs are requiring it, so I must learn to stay on point. But I don't know what is "enough" for a good starting point with talking about it at web dev job interviews.
From 2008-2013 the deployment workflow at my jobs was similar: Setup DNS and databases with your hosting service, upload website files directly via FTP, and migrate database. Following that time, I rarely did any of that and almost all of my work has been in local machine space. If I needed to upload code to a source code repository, I use Git. If I wanted to demo a side project online, I use Heroku.
It's a big ocean to start Googling for tutorials for things like AWS, Azure, data stores and the like. What are some good starting points? Or books to read (I prefer free ones)? In a post-cloud, post-Kubernetes world, what is the minimum standard for entry in web dev jobs?