This seems significant. If you look at what's happened to most anchor department store retail at malls in the time since, it isn't pretty. You can look at the individual stores (Sears, Macy's, etc.) and find individual culprits to blame. But there's a reasonable point to be made that no one was in a position to turn JC Penney around even if they could have eeked out a bit more money for shareholders and debt holders.
Target, Kmart, Woolworths are all totally different and healthy companies in Australia.
https://foragerfunds.com/news/dick-smith-is-the-greatest-pri...
Another flavor that traps experts in endless, pointless debate are taxonomies. Edit: See “The narcissism of small differences”, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissism_of_small_differen...
Very much "the divisions are important but also decided on by some random guy, so keep that in mind."
Jorge Borges also has written something directly related to 'the map is not the terrain'
if a map perfectly represented the territory it would be very useful to everyone mentioned in this article. with a perfect representation of the territory, you can just simulate different strategies and deploy the best one. no need for risk management: your perfect map allows you to eliminate all risk.
a perfect map might not be possible if you’re an embedded actor, but that doesn’t mean one shouldn’t pursue the best possible map. the rest of the article is about recognizing flaws in your map. and guess what: when you identify a shortcoming in your map — which the author does and recommends others do — that’s identical in an information sense to just building a more detailed map.
> improbable and consequential events seem to happen far more often than they should based on naive statistics.
the author has quantified some thing (“consequential events”) and then stated that this thing occurs within some data set more frequently than would be consistent with that very dataset. i get what he’s trying to say, but when he phrases it this way it’s just a simple contradiction with an easy way out: build better maps.
so, yes: the map is not the territory. if you build a map without complete knowledge of the territory (which is the majority of maps), then it has unknowable error bars. but maps are unavoidable: you can either explicitly follow a map, or implicitly follow one. Warren Buffet uses a map when making sense of the world. is it good, or bad, that the map he follows is accessible to only a single mind and has not been digitized and shared more widely? the biggest case to be made for ditching digitized/formalized maps is because this allows you to retain more hidden information, which is the basis for gaining an edge in financial markets. but the author didn’t really argue the futility of maps based on embedded actors — it was mostly an argument that too many people are engaged in map-making without first understanding the boundaries of the territory. and that’s no argument that informal maps are intrinsically superior to explicit maps.
Such a perfect map is impossible because it would need to have infinite accuracy, and its consequences would not be computable.
> if you build a map without complete knowledge of the territory (which is the majority of maps)
Which is all maps. Complete knowledge of the territory is impossible.
Even if the map is infinitely perfect, your understanding of it is imperfect. Because your mental model of the map is the actual map you follow, it is the actual map that you follow. Because you are imperfect, even if your map is perfect, the map you follow is imperfect.
Therefore, the saying is always true.
He also was the first person that told me the old Swiss Army maxim:
"If the map and the terrain disagree, believe the terrain."
Words to live by, as a delivery-oriented software developer.
He also was the first person that told me the old Swiss Army maxim:
"If the map and the terrain disagree, believe the terrain."
After years of reading various things trying to use past financial data to predict the next depression, I read a thing where a guy said that people get lazy and self indulgent during good times and then work harder during bad times and that explained the ups and downs. I'm sure it's more complicated than that, but I stopped trying to find a model that used past financial ups and downs to predict the future. It's nonsense.
There can be real world bits that are useful, like the Peak Oil model which is based on something real and has a real world proven track record. But lots of financial models are in the territory of a con game.
I have a certificate in GIS, which involves literally studying maps. Maps have huge inherent issues if only because land is 3D and part of an imperfect globe and maps are 2D -- a flat drawing trying to unfold the surface of a ball and say something useful about it.
Making good literal maps can be quite hard. I have a longstanding interest in award-winning graphics of various sorts because graphics are information dense and when they get it right, it's incredible. But maps often say more about the mind that created it than the physical landscape per se and it's a huge mistake to fail to recognize this fact.
There's no certain number of years or something that causes it. It's human behavior and real world limits, like Peak Oil.
One specific map that I think can lead to some reasoning errors is the way we abstract numbers.
Our most common and widely used abstraction of numbers has infinite at both ends, and this is a perfectly valid, practical and coherent way to represent real numbers, as long as we stay in the realm of the abstraction.
But real things like particles or planets might not be perfectly abstracted by this model.
Reasoning about real things with this model in mind (especially infinity) can lead to weird conclusions, like the 100% likelihood that we live in a simulation.
I'm not sure if that's an exact example of what you're saying, but, for me, if any conclusion is that we're living in a simulation, then it's simulations all the way down.
Or, we're living in a simulation because we understand and process the universe and our experiences through the filter of our brains, and our brains are, to some degree, an abstraction engine. Our physical bodies exist in the terrain, but the entirety of our conscious lives is lived through the map.
And what I am saying is that the simulation hypothesis is a logical conclusion given our abstract way of representing numbers and infinity.
Basic things like real numbers are also an abstract model.
…In that Empire, the Art of Cartography attained such Perfection that the map of a single Province occupied the entirety of a City, and the map of the Empire, the entirety of a Province. In time, those Unconscionable Maps no longer satisfied, and the Cartographers Guilds struck a Map of the Empire whose size was that of the Empire, and which coincided point for point with it. The following Generations, who were not so fond of the Study of Cartography as their Forebears had been, saw that that vast Map was Useless, and not without some Pitilessness was it, that they delivered it up to the Inclemencies of Sun and Winters. In the Deserts of the West, still today, there are Tattered Ruins of that Map, inhabited by Animals and Beggars; in all the Land there is no other Relic of the Disciplines of Geography.
The Map Is Not the Territory (2015) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23487242 - June 2020 (35 comments)
The map is not the territory (2015) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19084102 - Feb 2019 (14 comments)
S. I. Hayakawa, Language in Thought and Action
Stuart Chase, The Tyranny of Words