Have you seen this ->
http://peekaboo-vision.blogspot.com/2013/01/machine-learning... ... Specifically the image at
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ME24ePzpzIM/UQLWTwurfXI/AAAAAAAAAN... It seems like a good start.
There are myriad resources but none that I can think of that cover all the different problem types.
What are you interested in specifically?