The types of questions range depending on the CTF and the goal of the CTF. Some of things from the OWASP top 10 (1), while others might have logic problems, math problems, or reference problems where you figure out the answer instead of finding it.
1)https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Proje...
See https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_the_flag under 'software and gaming' for security CTFs
CTFTime [0] is a great central hub for finding, tracking and reading about CTFs. After each CTF event, many people publish "writeups" which is basically their "walkthrough" of how they solved each challenge. You can try looking at those to get a rough idea of the various skill sets required for these events. The ctfs github group [1] is filled with them.