I just had a look at the definitions again. The presented log buffer implementation is neither wait-free, nor lock-free, nor obstruction-free because one failed writer will prevent the progress of any other thread unconditionally, in consequence this is accurately described as a blocking algorithm. To just quote from Wikipedia »[...] an algorithm is called non-blocking if failure or suspension of any thread cannot cause failure or suspension of another thread [...]« which is obviously not the case because a failed writer will cause all subsequent writes to fail, i.e. the writers will happily fill the buffer but the messages never really make it into the buffer in a way that the reader can see them.

In case of the SPSC queue the requirement is that the writer must be able to enqueue new items no matter what the reader does and the reader must be able to dequeue all items for which the enqueue operation succeeded no matter what the writer does afterwards. The presented queue implementation meets this requirements. If the writer fails between steps 4 and 5 the write did not succeed and it does not matter that the reader can not see the item.

What you say about keeping the data structure usable for other threads seems correct to me.

You must not confuse lock-free and not using a lock, these are two different things. An algorithm using locks is a blocking algorithm but using locks is only sufficient, not mandatory. If no process can block other processes unconditionally the algorithm is non-blocking and obstruction-free, lock-free and wait-free are different progress guarantees for non-blocking algorithms in ascending order of strength.

One last point, if you try to obtain a lock and fail to do so you are considered blocked, no matter if you spin, suspend the thread or do unrelated things to waste some time until retrying later.