The only constant is probably that it is still made on a silicon wafer. But even this wafer changed a lot, and I am not talking about its size.
Would you also compare a horse carriage to a Tesla?
I think it would be closer to a comparison between a car engine in the 1900s and one today. Lots of differences, but the basic principles remain the same and if you were to give someone from one time period a part from the other, they'd easily be able to see what it was.
Edit: silicon, not poly silicon. Not sure why I said poly there...
Modern chips also have quite a few more layers (process steps); e.g. IBM's old 0.13μm process supports 8 metal layers, not counting other steps like epitaxial growth and oxides: https://www.mosis.com/vendors/view/ibm/8rf-dm