With regard to the documentation and commit situation have you considered looking into Plain English? [1]
As for interpersonal communication, perhaps doubly clarifying meaning, preferably in writing. This would force thoughts to be better articulated than a throwaway spoken comment.
Alternatively, how about flipping it and learning your colleagues' languages, or at least the key vocabulary you might need to communicate?
[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_english