They were not that conventional. The first Lisp Machines were using micro-coded processors with special instruction sets tailored for compiled and interpreted Lisp.
* tagged architecture
* stack-oriented architecture with large stack buffers
* hardware assisted GC
* support for generic Lisp operators. For example a simple + operator.
* support for basic Lisp data structures like cons cells
The result is that Lisp programs compile to very compact machine code.