If the problem is caused by a culture of consumerism and economic efficiency, do you expect to fix it with a focus on efficiency or cultural change?
Educational and stimulative efforts (through fines or rewards) have been successful in the sense that most people generally agree that being less wasteful and trying to recycle is a good idea, and know/feel that they could do more. This culture seeps into meetings, boardrooms, and annual reports, as well as laws, courts, and policing.