Only if the SSG can operate at the single-file level. Most SSGs operate at the entire-site level; there's no way to invoke them and tell them "just rebuild this one page", which is what you'd have to do to use make or rake as your change-detector.

Also, I'm not sure how well make or rake would work with version control, since make/rake, AFAIK, look at file modification times to detect changes, and DVCS pulls clobber those. In other words, suppose I make a change on machine A, re-generate the site, then push; then I pull from machine B. Make on machine B may not be able to tell that the site was re-generated, because the file timestamps are not preserved by the push/pull, so machine B is seeing different ones than machine A did.