>that all characters within a node in the rope have the same length [...] I'd also treat a character + combining characters as a single character.
The problem with this is that Unicode doesn't restrict
the number of combining marks. If your hypothetical library wants to offer full Unicode support, your "nodes of same length" idea wouldn't work.
Of course an implementation which makes an arbitrary restriction wouldn't be unusual. In fact, I'm not aware of any application that supports an arbitrary number of combining marks even if the standard allows it.
When it comes to standard conformance UAX15-D3 [1] is probably the closest we could get. It'd require 128 byte per character.
[1] http://unicode.org/reports/tr15/#Stream_Safe_Text_Format