I guess the lesson here is to only use extensions from vendors where you have absolute confidence in their capabilities or from popular open source projects (Basically the same thing).
Are all these extensions that "prettify" our browsing experience all this necessary? Some, maybe (HTTPS everywhere, Ghostery, NoScript, etc etc), but most of them aren't. I personally prefer to keep my browser clean, it's even more responsive this way.
The scariest thing here is that you have arbitrary code execution, so your options are limitless. Check out XSS Harvest: https://github.com/Miserlou/XSS-Harvest