> This was probably unclear, but I meant that people understand that goverment gets its money from the taxpayers.
The guy's point was that money has to come from somewhere, in this case, from taxpayers. The next step, then, is to think about the consequences of confiscating a massive amount of money more than before.
> Perhaps, but I personally believe that this feedback loop is negligable.
Your personal beliefs don't affect the way people behave: they pursue their personal gain. Business owners (ie. tax donkeys) will just fuck off if taxes get too onerous, and people will just stop working if it's just not worth it. Both feedback loops are very real, and will make any BI implementation unsustainable, and again, thus not worth pursuing.
> It's definitely not the exact same thing, one of the differences is that it's what the society democratically decided
You can't base any arguments on The People collectively deciding anything when the fact that taxation is extortion (or robbery) has never even crossed the mind of 99% of all people anywhere. Besides, only you can make decisions for yourself - no one else has the right to do that, because no one else is you. You own your own body, and your actions, and so does everyone else. We're all just individuals - not The Borg.
> Higher aggregate utility is a term I created by myself (and I'm apparently not alone)
Well, what do you think it means?
> 1. Decreasing marginal utility of money.
Does it actually decrease though? Clearly, if you want to eat an apple, the marginal utility of the next one is lower than the first's.
But if you first get 100 dollars, and then get 100 more, are the second 100 dollars less useful to you than the first? Well no, they're just as useful. Even past the point where the amount of money you have is not really meaningful wrt your everyday life anymore, each additional million dollars will increase your "security utility" just as much as the previous one.
So it's highly doubtful that money has decreasing marginal utility, and it's unclear where it might kick in. Maybe you'd like to explain what you mean, and why it's meaningful considering what we've just covered?
> 2. Low income jobs are usually harder, less respected and less enjoyable.
So what? Gain experience, and new skills, and get a better job?
> 3. Progressive taxes decrease inequality. This has many positive effects on society.
You're engaging in Socialist thinking. There's no class warfare (without the State, at least), and it's perfectly fine for anyone to get rich through pleasing their customers or just working hard etc.
You have your property, and others have theirs. That's it. You have no right to take anyone's stuff by force, and vice versa. This is important. Even police officers are just humans like you and me, and have the exact same rights as us.