These data are probably available buries somewhere in periodic financial reports that many cities publish, but as far as I know, there's no common format, many of these reports are not well readable by tools (best case - nicely formatted PDF with numbers buried somewhere within, worst case - PDF scan of some typed pages with numbers buried within) and as far as I know no site that actually aggregates these data into one database. Given the variety of funds, arrangements, regulations and other things, it would not be very easy to create such a database, probably would require a very large investment. And since it the initiative for local authorities to participate in it is next to zero (worst case, it will expose them for criticism, best case they're OK but not getting any benefit) it would probably very hard to pull off. I'd be glad to be mistaken on this.

If they do, the Sunlight Foundation would be the people to ask: http://sunlightfoundation.com.

Yes, but because everyone wants their local government to be independent from big bad state and federal governments there's almost no consistency in the format or publication requirements.