I'm not sure recently this came about, but Homebrew can do this via "bottles" (precompiled package binaries). Not all packages are bottled, but a lot of the popular ones are. [1]
They also did a Kickstarter a couple weeks back to finance the automation of the compilation process. [2]
MacPorts also installs the most common packages from precompiled binaries. Fink also has the ability (--use-binary-dist).
The main difference here is that the entire pkgsrc universe is available as precompiled binaries, which can save you a whole lot of time/CPU cycles. It could also help circumvent the "compiles fine for the package maintainer but not for me" type of errors which are often the most time consuming.
