I'm in the Stanford/Coursera machine learning course right now, and something like this is nearly excactly what I've been looking for.
As some others have said, GPLv3 is off-putting, but there is the LGPL mlpack lib (http://www.mlpack.org/) (also C++). Personally, project-wise, the only way this could be improved is if the project were pure C, and a BSD, MIT, or similar license. Quite looking forward to checking these out, though.