That said, I congratulate you on your new found love of programming and your willingness to share the knowledge.
PHP or Python are a better way to start because "hello world" is literally a line or two of code.
That said, I always recommend Python over PHP because it enforces good a habits from day one. Once you learn the skills and concepts, working in the much looser PHP environment is safer.
Wait, what?
Granted, ruby and python aren't as bad as perl, but they definitely aren't as regular as java either.
Of course, once you start getting into advanced topics, all that can go out the window, but at that point we aren't talking about a newbie anymore, so what we/they will expect from a language will be different.
I also believe the Stanford courses (such as CS106A) is a great resource. I also would not discount the Oreilly Technology School.
The danger with starting with web development is that unless the person is very keen on learning, gaps in knowledge can develop and bad coding practices can be learned.
http://interactivepython.org/courselib/static/pythonds/index...
It's not Coursera but it's well put together.
Yes, because those are the only three types of developers. iOS, Mac or Web.