Not sure if you read the same paper I did? From the abstract:
"Research over the past decade has demonstrated two co-occurring patterns of spaceflight effects on the brain and behavior: dysfunction and adaptive plasticity. Evidence indicates the spaceflight environment induces adverse effects on the brain, including intracranial fluid shifts, gray matter changes, and white matter declines. Past work also suggests that the spaceflight environment induces adaptive neural effects such as sensory reweighting and neural compensation."
But that's just a single example. The effects of gravity (or lack thereof) on the brain are widely studied, it's pretty easy to find.
Besides, that's all sort of missing the point. I chose gravity as an example of a "huh, I never really thought about that" thing that affects cognition to illustrate the point that there are a gazillion things that impact human cognition, from cat parasites [1] to prescription eyeglasses [2] not to mention all the obvious things like gut health, diet and sleep.
Our brains and bodies have an essentially infinite number of inputs that affect our reasoning - I don't think this is practical, or even possible, to model - and I don't think you can achieve human level reasoning without it.
You can't separate the package from the wrapping when dealing with the human mind. Our biology is our cognition.
[1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1635495/
[2] https://mindeye.com/eye-opener-prescription-glasses-can-affe...