I feel like companies should do a better job of naming their payment entity something that a customer can know when they see it.

> She had charges she didn't recognize and would immediately flag them. Thing is, I couldn't help but think they might have been real charges with weirdly named companies on the transaction.

That's completely the companies fault. If you give a transaction a reference that the customer will not recognise, that's on you!

You open a ticket where you describe what happened and attach everything you have. It happened to me twice over the years, both with Visa, and I had them both approved. I'm not sure that in the age of AI agents they would care anymore, but I can dream right.

That’s completely false. Visa/Mastercard chargeback rules are fairly uniform globally, and disputes are possible in many (if not all) non-US countries as well.

Whether your bank knows how to use them well to represent your interests is a different matter. For example, I’ve seen banks decline chargebacks against bankrupt merchants in certain countries because they were poorly advised about the legal ramifications, and other banks in the same country win the exact same kind of dispute. Lacking sufficient reading comprehension to parse the dispute rules (it’s a long PDF!) also seems common.