This is detailed at https://support.google.com/recaptcha/answer/16609652
hacker news when reading that google is doing the same thing for the rest of the userbase: "hello, human resources?"
(Edit: it looks like the new system is still private and still interlinked with the old system that lets you use any hardware? I think?)
Also I don't know how you could have missed the widespread criticism of apple and especially cloudflare on this site.
It'll just be more clunky because you have to install their app.
I don't know what technology they're using, but when I scanned the QR code it launched (downloaded?) an iOS app of sorts with one tap, similar to the way Google tried Instant Apps a few years back. Didn't even need to double tap the power button like usual.