Or just verify that the credit card number is potentially a legitimate one?
Because if it's the latter, that's just the Luhn algorithm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) and no transactions are required to perform the verification.
If it's the former, until you make a transaction there's no way to verify in advance whether or not a card has a still valid account attached to the backside of it.
I know you're saying "without any purchase", but maybe it was just for a vanishingly small amount.