I wrote about outright fraud taking weeks (in one case, months) to resolve. From my own personal direct experience.

> I had a friend who doesn’t even have a passport dispute an ATM transaction in a country he never visited.

Does this sound like a dispute with a vendor or outright fraud?

A dispute with a vendor can also mean an overcharge or something like a renewal fee for a yearly membership that is under dispute. It's not just marginal items you bought and the vendor refuses a return or it never shows up or whatever.

Like I said - if you are a highly paid professional you likely will never have a problem with this. It's an invisible part of the economy to you. If you are working class you are much more likely to have a wildly different experience. Banks have what is effectively an internal credit score system for each customer. For those with serious assets with the bank you get a lot more leeway and benefit of the doubt until you start abusing it.