Some work would need to be done improving text rendering, layout and to add more GUI elements. Probably a lot of stuff removed from the backend that isn't necessary (apps won't need physics or lighting, probably.)
I made a basic theme loader for a project ages ago based on the config file format because dealing with theming and fonts was a pain at the time. Nothing novel, it was just a dictionary that had node paths as keys and set values. It is possible, I don't know why Godot makes some things more complicated than they need to be.
The comments about web stack stuff is probably off. Godot is already a pretty featureful UI framework + form designer that makes anything the "frontend" world has ever produced seem like they only had a fraction (1-to-10%) as much time and resources to build, compared to what Godot was already shipping in 1.0, (even though the reverse is true).