I had thought there was a way to get the currently loaded object code for a module, but code:get_object_code/1 looks like it pulls from the filesystem. I would think in the situation where you a) don't know what's running, and b) have the OTP team on staff, you could most likely write a new module to at least dump the object code (or something similar), and then spend some time turning that back into source code. But it makes a nice story.
[1] https://www.erlang.org/doc/apps/kernel/code.html#get_object_...