> I think you could argue that modern high-yield EULV is a wholly Taiwanese invention
It is not. EUV was literally invented in America in government funded research, and licensed to ASML. Taiwan (TSMC) purchased ASML machines.
> For all of America's DARPA prowess, Intel couldn't even play second-fiddle to TSMC's worst fab nodes.
These have nothing to do with each other. One is a private corporation that made a strategic mistake. The other is a government agency.