While C#, F#, VB and C++/CLI were kept compatible, it doesn't help when the library stuff you want to call isnt' there any longer.
C++ removal of exception specifiers, GC API,
C VLAs got dropped in C11, function prototypes changed meaning in C23, and K&R declarations were dropped from the standard.
Java, already someone else mentioned.
D, the whole D1 => D2 transition, and Tango vs Phobos drama.