Both before and after. It happened:
1. After talking to the company recruiter.
2. After the interview, not hearing anything back for more than a month.
3. Before the interview process, sending a resume and not getting back an automated email that says we got your email, or an email that says we're no longer hiring for this position, or we hired, or whatever. How am I supposed to write a cover letter that the job post suggests without knowing if the job is a ghost job that doesn't actually hire?