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SEPA was a success but it was only a first step to modernise the banking system. The following regulations/directives like PSD2 failed in my opinion.
The ECB also had one of those CBDC built much earlier than people have been told. They already had something quite advanced around 2020, with a optimist launch date in 2022 I believe.
It obviously failed miserably and I read a few weeks ago that they are "exploring Ethereum and Solana for digital euro launch".
I would be curious what happened exactly but my guess is the banks just said "NO WAY".