The git bug in question could be written in 100% safe rust using as much or as little of the type system[1] as you want. It's a logic error when parsing a string.

I dev rust full-time, and I've spent a lot of time writing protocol parsers. It's easy to forget to check this or that byte/string for every possible edge case as you're parsing it into some rust type, and happens all the time in rust, just like it did in C or python or go when I used those languages. This bug (if anything) is the type of thing that is solved with good tokenizer design and testing, and using more small, independently tested functions - again not at all related to the type system.

[1] Although in rust you can arrange your types so that this sort of bug is harder to implement or easier to catch than in most languages... but doing that requires an up-front understanding that logic bugs are just as possible in rust as in other languages, as well as some experience to avoid awkwardness when setting the types up.