* Simply check all array accesses and pointer de references and panic if we are out of bounds and panic/throw an exception/etc. if we are doing something wrong.

* Guarantee at compile-time that we are always accessing valid memory, to prevent even those panics.

Rust makes a lot of effort to reach the second goal, but, since it gives you integers and arrays, it makes the problem fundamentally insoluble.

The memory it wants so hard to regulate access to is just an array, and a pointer is just an index.