The first benefit is that it removes clutters from your $HOME.
The second benefit is that you can now manage and backup your settings in a sane way.
* ~/.config contains config files (should not be lost, but if lost you can recreate them);
* ~/.local contains user data files (save them often, never lose them for they are not replaceable);
* ~/.cache contains cached information (can be tmpfs mounted, you can delete it any time you want, no loss in functionality, you just lose some optimization);
* ~/.run is for temporary system files (must be tmpfs mounted or it must be cleaned during at shutdown or power on).
Luckily most of the apps used on Linux systems now use it, you are probably using Mac OS X.