Read chapter 5 of SICP.
Whenever I talk to people who rave about SICP I get the feeling they never made it to chapter 4 and beyond.
> In this chapter we will describe processes in terms of the step-by-step operation of a traditional computer. Such a computer, or register machine, sequentially executes instructions that manipulate the contents of a fixed set of storage elements called registers. A typical register-machine instruction applies a primitive operation to the contents of some registers and assigns the result to another register. Our descriptions of processes executed by register machines will look very much like ``machine-language'' programs for traditional computers.
https://mitp-content-server.mit.edu/books/content/sectbyfn/b...
The transistor level simulation happens in 3.3.4 "A Simulator for Digital Circuits".