Most of what you describe, especially in the multithreading part, is already a defensive practice. That's kind of the whole point. I don't deny that some modern C++ constructs help, I've used them, but the level of confidence is just not there. Note that I lump C and C++ together intentionally. For this purpose, they are almost equivalent as Rust tackles the problems they have in common.
I think it'd be better if you first try understand what actually Rust does here, for which I usually recommend this talk for C ++ developers, which describes the most important ideas on snippets of C++ and Rust side by side: https://youtu.be/IPmRDS0OSxM
That's probably my favourite demonstration.
