If you do the fraud on a big enough scale, you can even get elected to be a governor and then US Senator.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Scott
At worst, you pay some fines:
https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/settling-fraud-case-...
> While dozens of CMS audits have concluded that health plans overcharged the government, the agency has done little to recoup money for the U.S. Treasury.
>In a surprise action in late January 2023, CMS announced that it would settle for a fraction of the estimated tens of millions of dollars in overpayments uncovered through its audits dating to 2011 and not impose major financial penalties on health plans until a round of audits for 2018 payments, which have yet to be done. Exactly how much plans will end up paying back is unclear.