Another weird carve-out for copyright law in the US: parody. Honestly, I don't know if other jurisdictions allow parody in the same protected manner.
Germany: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/urhg/__51a.html (Though this explicit carve-out is a recent development, though generally speaking parodies were allowed even under the previous version of the law.)
Nope :-), just a normal citizen, but sometimes I am curious enough to look up a law, plus sometimes I need to refer to/look up some law in my day job as a civil engineer, too.
When you need to do that, it's not too hard to stumble upon the existence of that page through some web searches, plus the German Wikipedia often links to that page, too (as well as to some alternative platforms run by private entities, which sometimes provide some added value, e.g. buzer.de provides change history since 2006, too, other pages link relevant court decisions, etc. etc. – but gesetze-im-internet.de is the official page run by the federal government itself).
> In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include:
> * the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
> * the nature of the copyrighted work;
> * the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
> * the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
