The fact that MOND fits a lot of the data troubled cosmologists, because they know that a General Relativistic theory is needed to explain pretty much the rest of gravity.
TeVeS is an extension to General Relativity that reduces to MOND in the non-relativistic limit. For comparison, General Relativity reduces to Newtonian gravity in the non-relativistic limit. The non-relativistic limit is when speeds and spacetime curvature are small.