Now that I've beat my head against this issue for a while, I think it's best summed up as: weights are a binary artifact, not source of any kind.
No one trains an existing model from scratch, even those who have access to all of the data to do so. There's just no compelling reason to retrain a model to make a change when you have the weights already—fine tuning is preferred by everyone.
The only people I've seen who've asserted otherwise are random commenters on the internet who don't really understand the tech.