The United States has it, too: https://login.gov
But with a government as large as America's it's going to take time to get everyone converted to the new system.
I believe most of it is open source: https://github.com/18F/identity-idp
> You are part of a federal agency or a state, local, or territory government
I'm talking about a more generic service that any random industry system or individual can use. The way many websites use Google's OAuth without using really using Google's APIs. Things that just want someone else (Google) to handle asking for and authenticating a name/password.
But that is not what we are talking about. It is not that you are browsing the web randomly and some random company identifies you as d1sxeyes.
It is that you can identify yourself towards any company if you choose to. Then you can decide if that is in your best interest or not.