I haven't used uv but it looks like its trying to be a drop-in replacement for pip which would therefore lack everything that makes poetry great.
Rye on the other hand seems to be extremely poetry-like while being written in rust for speed: https://rye.astral.sh/
But personally, I can't justify switching my employer to experimental python dependency management over something as inconsequential as taking a minute to install dependencies so I'm sticking to poetry until Rye has some years of development behind it.