> I assume he was also exposed to many images, photos and videos (realistic or animated) of cats and dogs in children books and toys he handled.
No images or photos (no books).
TV, certainly, but I consider it unlikely that animals in the animation style of pepper pig helps the classifier.
Besides which, we're still talking under a dozen cats/dogs seen till that point.
Forget about cats/dogs. Here's another example: he only had to see a burger patty once to determine that it was an altogether new type of food, different from (for example) a sausage.
Anyone who has kids will have dozens of examples where the classifier worked without a false positive off a single novel item.