Have you seen
https://dagger.io? (by the OG creators of Docker)
Fully containerized builds based on BuildKit with a <language> SDK interface. Works really well on both linux and mac
Does the caching, parallel, lazy DAG really well, removes the need for intermediate or base containers to run builds, or more generally containerized workflows
What Dagger enables is you to have your builds run the same locally and in CI. We still want builds that are auto triggered on commits, but we can end the stream of commits to fix CI