At least in the Netherlands there are programs through which you can get a bank account, even if you are otherwise severely disadvantaged. https://www.basisbankrekening.nl/
Don’t know about this specific program but there is an often overlooked disadvantaged category - immigrants (and I’m talking about legal immigrants). A typical catch-22 - to open a bank account you need an utility are a tax bill and to rent a place to live (and a month later get the first bill) you need a bank account. And good luck getting a proof of address if you are using short term rental where bills are paid by a landlord.