undefined | Better HN

0 pointsJumpCrisscross1y ago0 comments

> It's e-fuels like hydrogen. Yes, the round trip efficiency sucks, but for year-long storage the cost of inefficiency is very low

This is still pie in the sky technology. Particularly given the frequencies, magnitudes and durations we’re considering. At that point SMRs become topical.

> we can back up the grid with these turbines for a very small fraction of the cost of building nuclear power plants to power the grid

Absolutely. If we’re okay with gas being a core energy source for the foreseeable future, we shouldn’t build nuclear. (And for countries without safe access to gas, coal.)

0 comments

pfdietz1y ago

> This is still pie in the sky technology.

4% of the hydrogen production in China is by electrolysis now. Electrolysers there are below $300/kW.

You object to this because it's not available, then you point to SMRs, which don't exist now except on slides. And given NuScale's recent disappointments one should not expect the rosy promises of their (or other) SMRs to come true or find much of a market.

> Absolutely. If we’re okay with gas being a core energy source for the foreseeable future, we shouldn’t build nuclear. (And for countries without safe access to gas, coal.)

The gas would be hydrogen. Hydrogen + batteries are nicely complementary and enable renewables to undercut new construction nuclear even for supplying baseload power.

JumpCrisscrossOP1y ago

> You object to this because it's not available, then you point to SMRs, which don't exist now except on slides

Right. Long-term large scale hydrogen manufacturing and storage (presumably as ammonia) is not a thing, not to the tune of several percentage points of primary generation. This is speculative, like SMRs.

> Hydrogen + batteries are nicely complementary and enable renewables to undercut new construction nuclear even for supplying baseload power

The math doesn’t work with current technology. Not at that scale. (The lithium alone would be orders of magnitude more than what is forecast to be needed for EVs.)

pfdietz1y ago

Hydrogen storage would be underground. Very cheap and more efficient than using ammonia.

If underground storage is not available (lack of proper geology), the scheme could be synthesis of methanol, with oxyfuel combustion (Allam cycle) using oxygen from electrolysis, and with the CO2 stored for recycling to produce methanol. The CO2 and oxygen would be stored as refrigerated liquids.

> (The lithium alone would be orders of magnitude more than what is forecast to be needed for EVs.)

I don't believe this is true, not even close. The US has more than a quarter of a billion motor vehicles. A Tesla has about 70 kWh of storage and about 10 kg of lithium, so that's 17 TWh of storage. An optimal "synthetic baseload" for the US from wind and solar might use 6 hours of battery storage (and e-fuels). US average power production is about 500 GW, so six hours is about 3 TWh of batteries. Even if you multiply that a bit to assume less transmission and need for peaking storage it's still not "orders of magnitude" more than for EVs.) All this is even assuming Li-ion batteries would be used for stationary storage instead of the Na-ion batteries now coming on the market.

Were you assuming many days or weeks of batteries would be needed? That's the beauty of also using e-fuels; the batteries can be reserved for the short term storage they're truly suited for.

1 more reply

j / k navigate · click thread line to collapse

0 comments

pfdietz1y ago

> This is still pie in the sky technology.

4% of the hydrogen production in China is by electrolysis now. Electrolysers there are below $300/kW.

> Absolutely. If we’re okay with gas being a core energy source for the foreseeable future, we shouldn’t build nuclear. (And for countries without safe access to gas, coal.)

The gas would be hydrogen. Hydrogen + batteries are nicely complementary and enable renewables to undercut new construction nuclear even for supplying baseload power.

JumpCrisscrossOP1y ago

> You object to this because it's not available, then you point to SMRs, which don't exist now except on slides

> Hydrogen + batteries are nicely complementary and enable renewables to undercut new construction nuclear even for supplying baseload power

The math doesn’t work with current technology. Not at that scale. (The lithium alone would be orders of magnitude more than what is forecast to be needed for EVs.)

pfdietz1y ago

Hydrogen storage would be underground. Very cheap and more efficient than using ammonia.

> (The lithium alone would be orders of magnitude more than what is forecast to be needed for EVs.)

Were you assuming many days or weeks of batteries would be needed? That's the beauty of also using e-fuels; the batteries can be reserved for the short term storage they're truly suited for.

1 more reply

j / k navigate · click thread line to collapse