Among your original recommendations, I have heard about "All the Maths you Missed". And I have read several chapters of the one by Kolmogorov et al. It's a fantastic book. It lays the landscape really well, discusses things, and covers the breadth of the field rather than the depth of any particular field. I find the writing style really good. It could be seen as a reference book for people who already know the stuff, or are looking to know about new stuff, but want to have ideas about what those stuff might be.