A biased test kept Black people from getting a kidney transplant (opens in new tab)

Kidney failure is caused/aggravated by diabetes, hypertension/high blood pressure, and stress. All of these have a major environmental / social factor.

maybe there are other systemic issues that result in underdiagnosis or poor quality care

> Don't black people get sickle cell at higher rates than other races?

Except that "black people" describes the color of someone's skin, and sickle cell prevalence is more properly tied to things that are much more specific than skin color, like the geographic origins of sickle cell disease. Which is why black people in Ethiopia and South Africa have low prevalence, and white people on mediterranean towns like Orchomenos have high prevalence. It's your social construct that lumps the idea of "black people" into a racial category in the first place and then associates that with sickle cell disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708126/

https://web.archive.org/web/20140917070248/https://www.thegu...

You can group populations in a huge number of ways. By culture, genomes, by skin tone, by language, by size, by hair color, by attempts at testing intelligence whatever. Many of these are hereditary to various degrees, and many of these correlate to various diseases and social outcomes. That's not in serious dispute.

But race is just one specific grouping. There's nothing magic about it. It's not even consistent over space or time what the categories are or who gets categorized into which. When people say race is constructed, one thing they are saying is that our culture has produced this one grouping dominates our thinking of the variability between humans. And that critically we have embedded that into our society in a way that creates outcomes based on race.

When it comes to disease, "black" in particular is a TERRIBLE category, because there are a huge number of population groups that all get labelled black, even though they have different genetics, different issues, different ethnic behaviors. It's maybe hard to to better in the US given that the slave trade erased people's knowledge of where they came from and accelerated mixing. But also nobody is really trying to do better because racial categorization and anti-blackness is so embedded in American thinking. Compare this situation to where "white" Americans often know (or at least have some way to try to know some fraction) of their European ancestry.

>Don't black people get sickle cell at higher rates than other races? Race is important in a lot of medical contexts.

Yes; e.g. melanoma is 30x more prevalent in non-Hispanic white people than in black people.

If race is biological, then "black" isn't one. There is approximately the same amount of genetic diversity within the "black" race as there is within the entire human population.

If you define "race" to mean a population with a similar genetic diversity as Caucasians, then there are 4 to 5 black races within Africa alone.

Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, not by belonging to a specific race. Race is a social construct, meaning it's defined by social factors rather than strictly biological ones. Since someone who is Black in the US often has about 20% European ancestry, how does this compare to someone who is directly from an African country? Where is the line?

> Race is determined at birth by parents' biology, therefore is biological.

I need to ask: what is race, specifically?

Living beings don't inherit traits in a consistent manner, otherwise all siblings would have been identical.

Most likely there are people who have parents of different skin tones who inherited the darker of the two but not the vulnerability to sickle cell anemia.

Race is a political construct that varies in definition by country, culture, and year. (See how race is defined in places like Mexico and Brazil vs the US for example). People of the same race can much more variation in genetics that people of the same area. Where you live is actually a much better predictor of your genes (yeah it's correlated but obviously it's not the same thing)

Race is roughly correlated with ancestry especially in places where mating between races was discouraged. So often race is a close enough measure of family history, but make no mistake, there is no pure members of a race.

If there is a biological race like construct it doesn't match with whatever races your country's census records.

Race has to be a biological factor. Some of my family were on the transplant list for a long time, due to PKD. Throughout those many years there was a constant call for more Black donors.

The boundaries of race are a social construct , if the rewording helps you understand the meaning behind what a race is.

Human genetic diversity doesn’t map on to American conceptions of race. Africa has among the highest levels of genetic and phenotypic variation of any region, for example. If anything, the reverse is true: clinging to 19th century pseudoscience and its bogus racial categories is an impediment to scientific understanding of biological reality.

To me it seems reasonable that many diseases are more or less common based on race. But our concept and specially NA concept is not nearly fine-grained enough for it to work in many cases. Looking at Europe it seems there are differences even inside countries and groups that now are considered single ethnicity. So what would be needed is to track back to that level of history of population.