You are right about short expiry times but another catch here is that if pre-signed URLs are being leaked in an automated fashion, these services also keep the downloaded content from these URLs around. I found various such examples where links no longer work, but PDFs downloaded from pre-signed URLs were still stored by scanning services.
From https://urlscan.io/blog/2022/07/11/urlscan-pro-product-updat...
> In the process of scanning websites, urlscan.io will sometimes encounter file downloads triggered by the website. If we are able to successfully download the file, we will store it, hash it and make it available for downloading by our customers.