>
In the US, I believe the overwhelming preference of the public (the "obvious layman view") is that prison should be punitive"There are five main underlying justifications of criminal punishment considered briefly here: retribution; incapacitation; deterrence; rehabilitation and reparation" [1].
Deterrence and retribution are the punitive elements. To my knowledge, no model that excludes any one element works.
> Other cultures seem to find success with more rehabilitation-focused approaches
The problem is we're in the middle. Not as harsh as Middle Eastern and Asian models. (Counterfactual: Latin America.) Not as rehabilitative as the Nordic models. (Counterfactual: Europe.) We're good at incapacitating criminals.
[1] https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/crime-prevention-criminal-justi...