Dude, I've been developing real-time military applications and we've moved from C/C++ to Java and got performance gains (I'm not saying that C can't beat Java doing specific computations - of course it can - but when building a large application with millions of lines of code and a large team of developers, Java would be a safer bet than C++ if speed is your concern). In other words, no other environment can beat the JVM.
And, yeah, you should try Clojure. It's a cathartic experience.
EDIT: The only doubts I have about vert.x is that it can consistently beat "old" JVM servlet containers under heavy, real-world loads. That remains to be seen.