For the second paragraph, that depends a great deal on (a) what the mechanism used to "send a (shared, ref-counted reference thing) to another thread actually means and (b) what objects are used to accomplish this. Certainly simply writing the address of a shared_ptr<T> in C++ will work out as you indicate. But that's not the only way to do it. Rust's benefit comes from you being "unable" to do it an unsafe way; C++'s benefit comes from the fact that somebody has probably implemented the safe way in C++ already :)