The tire is the rubber, the wheel is the whole assembly. If you're talking to people who talk about it in detail.
Everyone else refers to them interchangeably.
Disclaimer: Midwest USA here, can't speak for other parts of the US.
I can't think of anyone other than the most archetypal ditz (think, 'Friends' character, Phoebe) who would conflate the idea of the rubber part that touches the ground with the metal or other hard material the first term is mounted on. (Naming abstractions removed for clarity.)
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